Following the March Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by Germany plans to replace nuclear power largely with renewable energy, which accounted for The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros during , largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment.
Skip to main content Go to CIA. Explore All Countries Germany. Page last updated: January 12, Country Flag View Details. Country Map View Larger. Travel Facts. Locator Map View Larger. Introduction Background As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation after Russia , Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations.
Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Definitions and Notes. Geographic coordinates 51 00 N, 9 00 E. Map references Europe. Area total: , sq km land: , sq km water: 8, sq km country comparison to the world: Area - comparative three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana. Area comparison map. Land boundaries total: 3, km border countries 9 : Austria km, Belgium km, Czechia km, Denmark km, France km, Luxembourg km, Netherlands km, Poland km, Switzerland km.
Coastline 2, km. Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: nm continental shelf: m depth or to the depth of exploitation. Climate temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain foehn wind. Terrain lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south. Elevation highest point: Zugspitze 2, m lowest point: Neuendorf bei Wilster Natural resources coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land.
Irrigated land 6, sq km Major rivers by length in km Danube river source shared with Austria, Slovakia, Czechia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m] - 2, km; Elbe river mouth shared with Czechia [s] - 1, km; Rhine shared with Switzerland [s], France, and Netherlands [m] - 1, km note — [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth.
Population distribution most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Natural hazards flooding. Geography - note strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward.
People and Society Population 79,, July est. Nationality noun: German s adjective: German. Ethnic groups German German audio sample:. Religions Roman Catholic Age structure years: Dependency ratios total dependency ratio: Median age total: Population growth rate Birth rate 8. Death rate Net migration rate 1. Urbanization urban population: Major urban areas - population 3.
Sex ratio at birth: 1. Mother's mean age at first birth Infant mortality rate total: 3. Life expectancy at birth total population: Total fertility rate 1. Current Health Expenditure Physicians density 4. Obesity - adult prevalence rate Children under the age of 5 years underweight 0. School life expectancy primary to tertiary education total: 17 years male: 17 years female: 17 years Unemployment, youth ages total: 7. Environment Environment - current issues emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power by ; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive.
Air pollutants particulate matter emissions: Revenue from forest resources forest revenues: 0. Revenue from coal coal revenues: 0. Waste and recycling municipal solid waste generated annually: Total water withdrawal municipal: 4. Total renewable water resources billion cubic meters est. Government Country name conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany conventional short form: Germany local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland local short form: Deutschland former: German Reich etymology: the Gauls Celts of Western Europe may have referred to the newly arriving Germanic tribes who settled in neighboring areas east of the Rhine during the first centuries B.
Government type federal parliamentary republic. National holiday German Unity Day, 3 October Legal system civil law system. International law organization participation accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction. Citizenship citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a German citizen or a resident alien who has lived in Germany at least 8 years dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from government residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years.
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal; age 16 for some state and municipal elections. The largest minority are Turkish, who started to come to Germany in the s to work. About two-thirds of Germans are Christians. There are 97 nature reserves in Germany , the biggest of which is the Black Forest.
Despite these efforts, however, many species are at risk of extinction, including beavers , minks and, off the coast, certain species of whales. The flat northern coast is home to sea life and wading birds, while the forested hills and mountains in the south are the best place to find wildcats , boar , ibex and other large mammals. In four years after the war had ended the country divided into the Federal Republic of Germany , in the west, and the Communist German Democratic Republic , in the east.
After the two sides reunified in , Germany spent billions of pounds to modernise the East. Humans settled in northern Europe about 10, years ago, after the end of the last Ice Age. The first people to speak a language similar to modern German probably lived in the area about 5, years ago.
It was still thousands of years, though, before Germany was created. Early Germany was a patchwork of small states ruled by dukes and kings. But in , the country was united by a politician named Otto von Bismarck. In the late 19th century Germany began competing with other European countries to set up colonies in Africa and Asia.
These tensions led to World War I in , the worst conflict the world had ever seen. Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party came to power in promising to make Germany great again. During the war, Hitler created camps where millions of Jewish people and other groups of people were killed.
This confrontation, which lasted 44 years, was called the Cold War. In , East Germany opened its borders and the Cold War came to an end.
While you wait for it to be checked and approved why not to add a pre-selected message and a cool badge. The Germans have shownt the world how hard work can change a countrys fortune. Good on you Germany. Ask a parent or guardian to check it out first and remember to stay safe online. See all. Germany Facts Find out all about the cool country of Germany…. Berlin is the capital city of Germany German history Humans settled in northern Europe about 10, years ago, after the end of the last Ice Age.
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